Indirect Speech
adalah kalimat tak langsung, yaitu kalimat yang dikatakan olehh orang lain (mungkin
di tempat dan waktu yang berbeda) berdasarkan apa yang dikatakan langsung oleh
penutur pertama. “Indirect Speech” disebut juga reported speech atau quoted
speech.
1. Dalam indirect speech, “the past continuous tense” yang digunakan
dengan when clause tidak mengalami perubahan.
2. Dalam British English, penulisan tanda kutip menggunakan tanda kutip
satu (‘ ‘), sedangkan dalam American
English, penulisannya menggunakan tanda kutip dua (“ “).
3. ‘should’ yang digunakan dengan I dan We (British) mempunyai arti akan
bukan sebaliknya. ‘should’ berubah menjadi would dalam indirect speech.
Contoh:
a)
He said, ‘ I should be happy.’ à He said
that he would be happy
b)
He said, ‘I shall be happy.’ à He said that he
would be happy
4. Untuk suatu pernyataan yang benar secara universal. Kita dapat
menggunakan the simple present tense da dalam noun clause.
Contoh:
a)
He said that the sun rises in the
east.
b)
He said that the sun rose in the
east.
5. Jika introductory verb atau kata kerja dalam klausa utama dalam bentuk
the simple present, the present perfect atau the dimple future tense, maka
dalam indirect speech tidak mengalami perubahan.
Contoh:
a)
He says that he is trying to work
carefully.
b)
She has said that she will never
be late again.
CONTOH:
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
|
1) He said, ‘I work Hard.’
|
He said (that) he worked hard
|
|
2) He said, ‘I am working hard.’
|
He said (that)he was working hard
|
|
3) He said, ‘I will work hard.’
|
He said (that) He would work hard
|
|
4) He said, ‘I was working hard.’
|
He said (that) he had been working hard
|
|
5) He said, ‘I worked hard.’
|
He said (that) he had worked hard
|
|
6) He said, ‘I have worked hard.’
|
He said (that) he had worked hard
|
|
7) He said, ‘I am going to work hard.’
|
He said (that) he was going to work hard
|
|
8) He said, ‘I can work hard.’
|
He said (that) he could work hard
|
|
9) He said, ‘I may work hard.’
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He said (that) he might work hard
|
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10) He said, ‘I might work hard.’
|
He said (that) he might work hard
|
|
11) He said, ‘I must work hard.’
|
He said (that) he must/had to work hard
|
|
12) He said, ‘I have to work hard.’
|
He said (that) he had to work hard
|
|
13) He said, ‘work hard.’
|
He told me to work hard
|
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14) He said, ‘I should work hard.’
|
He said (that) he should work hard
|
|
15) He said, ‘Don’t leave.’
|
He told me not to leave
|
|
16) He said, ‘Will you come?’
|
He asked if (wheter or not) I would go.
|
|
17) He asked, ‘where are you?’
|
He asked me where I was
|
|
18) He said, ‘I was talking to my teacher when Ann called me.’
|
He said (that) he was talking to his teacher when Ann called him
|
Perhatikan
perubahan kata keterangan waktu dan kata kerja di dalam Indirect Speech
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
|
Now (sekarang)
|
Then, at that moment (pada waktu itu)
|
|
Today (hari ini)
|
That thay (hari itu)
|
|
Yesterday (Kemarin)
|
The day before, the previous day (sehari sebelumnya)
|
|
Last night (semalam)
|
The night before, the previous night (semalam sebelumnya)
|
|
Last week (minggu lalu)
|
the week before, the previous week (seminggu sebelumnya)
|
|
Two days ago (dua hari lalu)
|
Two days before (dua hari sebelumnya)
|
|
A week ago (seminggu lalu)
|
a week before, the previous week (seminggu sebelumnya)
|
|
A month ago (sebulan lalu)
|
A month before, the previous month (sebulan sebelumnya)
|
|
A year ago (setahun lalu)
|
àa year before, the previous year (setahun sebelumnya)
|
|
Tomorrow (besok)
|
the following day, the next day (hari berikutnya)
|
|
Next week (minggu depan)
|
the following week (minggu berikutnya)
|
|
Next month (bulan depan)
|
the following month (bulan berikutnya)
|
|
Next year (tahun depan)
|
the following year (tahun berikutnya)
|
|
Next Monday (senin depan)
|
the following Monday (senin berikutnya)
|
|
Here (disini)
|
there (disana)
|
|
Over here (di sebelah sini)
|
over there (disebelah sana)
|
|
This (ini)
|
that (itu)
|
|
These (ini)
|
those (itu)
|
Cobalah mengerjakan latihan berikut ini.
·
Ubahlah Direct Speech di bawah ini
menjadi Indirect Speech.
1.
‘I am going home now, ‘Yusuf said
......
2.
‘What do you want?’ Linda asked me
......
3.
‘Have you seen him lately?’ his
mother wanted to know ......
4.
‘What have you done?’ he asked me
......
5.
‘I am late, ‘Ana said ......
6.
‘Can you stay to have dinner with
us?’ I asked him ......
7.
‘May I borrow your pen?’Wati asked
......
8.
‘I am leaving, ‘he told us ......
9.
‘He must go home now, ‘she said
......
10.
‘I can’t do it by myself, ‘Alex
told us ......
